Homelessness is a Decision not a Condition Essays -- Papers Beggars St

Homelessness is a Decision not a ConditionHomeless people are not always the victims that the media withstand portrayed them to be. The alarming fact is that many of the homeless are there by choice. Dont bring on me wrong, I am not trying to portray only homeless people as lazy people who dont want to take care of themselves. This couldnt be further from the truth. In my experience with the homeless they are ordinarily either in bad health, addicted to drugs, mentally ill or a combination of any of these. To compound matters worse, they are usually without any fictional character of legitimate income to support themselves. One day last winter, I was leaving work and I was approached by a pass-person. Living in the city approximately of my life, I had grown accustomed to this type of solicitation. This particular gentleman gave me a well rehearsed monologue about how his car had broken down and he was effective trying to get enough money up to catch a bus home. N eedless to say, I have heard this particular story in every city I had ever been to, by other street people in cities far bigger than Dayton, Ohio. I like to always feast people the benifit of the doubt, but this story was a little overused. I told him I would take him up to the Greyhound station and pay for his ticket if he wanted to get home. He refused my offer, telling me that there was other business that he would have to take care of first. I had called his bluff and he knew it. I then asked him what he was doing out on the streets at 430 in the morning. He told me that he was making a living. After chatting with him for about twenty minutes, I was able to get him to reveal a few very important details about himself. He had been on the streets for about the past 6 y... ... no longer employed their. I was also told that Adrian was constantly begging other employees for money. It seemed like he just couldnt discriminate between his life on the street and his posit ion in the workplace. Much later I would find out that I was just enabling Adrian. I would find that Adrians biggest problem was his drug addiction. judging by the the fresh needle marks on his arm, it was quite obvious that Adrian was shooting up some type of narcotic on a steady basis. He had been offered help before and refused to straighten his life out. Instead, he chose a life on the streets with no direction. A life with little to look forwards to and little to lose. It was disheartening to see such human potential go to waste. It seemed that Adrian had gone past that point where we choose life over death. He do the choice to give up life long ago.

Ford Motor Company :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

traverse CompanyOur Hiring ProcessUnderstanding How We HireIf youre passionate about a charge with Ford Motor Company, you want to understand how and wherefore we choose people to join our team. Our hiring decisions are based on an objective evaluation of your skills, experiences and competencies. What are we looking for? What should you expect? Here is a brief exposition of our process. A Two-Step ProcessHiring at Ford Motor Company is a both-step process designed to be quick, thorough and personal. The first phase is initial Recruiting, which may involve a face-to-face meeting with a Ford recruiter. Its purpose is to review and assess your credentials, experience and background.The second phase is a much in-depth interaction with Ford Motor Company at a Leadership Conference.Conferences are weekend events at a Ford facility. If youre invited to one of these weekends, youll populate youve made the first cut. Then, based on your performance during the weekend, Ford managers wi ll make a hiring decision. Read on to learn more about the two phases in the hiring process. Initial RecruitingInitial recruiting begins when you meet us--for example, as you explore this site. You can see if our working environment fits your style, find out about career programs and open positions, and order about who we are and what its like to work here.If you decide youd like to join us, you answer an online questionnaire about your skills, experience and background. If this Web-based personal assessment shows you set out what were looking for, we can invite you to a lead conference.Some people meet us when we recruit on campus or at a career fair, and in some cases we conduct an interview instead of using our Web-based assessment.If youre invited to a leadership conference, youll get on line to schedule your attendance. If you havent received an invitation, we continue to consider you for openings unless we notify you otherwise. Please log in frequently to see any new inform ation on your personal page.Leadership ConferenceThe leadership conference is an expenses-paid weekend at a Ford Motor Company facility. This can be a big event, with dozens of guests like you meeting and interacting with Ford people. Our recruiters, managers and other employees will guide you through a series of activities to help you learn whether a Ford career is for you. The conference is an opportunity for both you and us to evaluate each other in depth.

World War Two and Its Impact on the Role of American Women in Society E

World War Two and Its Impact on the Role of American Women in Society World War II is an case that has marked history like no other. Originating from a European struggle, war broke out in 1939 and continued for six years. From the years 1939 through 1945 more than than half the earths surface was battling in war. American society was greatly affected. People of every age, race and class were deeply affected. Womens place in society took a leap forward like it never had before. As an effect of the second world war womens traditional roles in society were drastically altered. The 1940s brought innovative opportunities along with hardships to American society. After the Depression it looked as though there was no hope for the traditional role of women to be changing. Women had very few job opportunities, specially married women. In William Henry Chafes book The American Woman, he explains Legislative bodies enacted laws restricting the employment of married women. Labor, g overnment, and the mass media all joined in a campaign urging females to refrain from taking jobs. And the overwhelming majority of average citizens--including women--showed little interest in modifying the existing distribution of sexual roles. (Chafe 135) The role of women in society was unchanging. It was quite remarkable how stable their role remained for so long (135). While still recovering from the Depression, Europe managed to mark the beginning of the biggest war in history. They first took over Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. And after Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese, the United States entered the war. The main transformation World War II made for women in American society was there were man... ...o work, keeping the economy going while the men were fighting the war. Other women joined the army and navy out in combat. Organizations that atomic number 18 still present to this day were founded, such as the American Red Cross Association, the Womens ground forces Corps (WAC), the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), and the Army Nurse Corps. Overall, World War II changed the role of American women for the better. It marked the beginning of an ongoing advancement of womens economic position in American society. works CitedBrokaw, Tom.The Greatest Generation.New York Random House, 2004. Print. Chafe, William H. The American Woman Her Changing Social, Economic, and Political Roles, 1920-1970. New York Oxford UP, 1972. Print.Daniel, Robert L.American Women in the 20th Century. The Festival of Life. San Diego Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987.

Ray Bradbury Biography :: essays research papers

Ray Bradbury BiographyU.S. author, born in Waukegan, Ill., on Aug. 22, 1920. In his stories, Bradbury wove together the intrigue of changing technology with insightful social commentary. One of his best-known works was The Martian Chronicles a collection of interrelated stories concerning colonization of the planet Mars those attracted readers both young and old. In it, Bradbury visualised the strengths and weaknesses of human beings as they encountered a new world.Ray Bradbury grew up in Waukegan and in Los Angeles, where he founded a magazine called Futuria Fantasia while in high school. He sold his first short story when he was 21 years old. His early stories were published in pulp magazines, but Bradbury later published stories in such mainstream magazines as The New Yorker, Mademoiselle, and the Saturday Evening Post. His science fiction and fantasy short-story collections included The Martian Chronicles, The Illustrated Man, and Dinosaur Tales.Bradburys 1980 collection, The S tories of Ray Bradbury, covers a wide range of topics, none of which is actually science fiction. His novels included Fahrenheit 451, Dandelion Wine, and Something Wicked This Way Comes. Fahrenheit 451 was made into a motion picture in 1966, and The Martian Chronicles later appeared both as a motion picture and a television miniseries.In 1954 Bradbury was honored with an award from the National Institute of Arts and Letters for his contribution to American literature. In 1956 he collaborated with John Huston to create the screenplay for Moby Dick. In addition to fiction Bradbury wrote Zen and the Art of Writing and also published such dramas as The Anthem Sprinters, The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit, The prosy, and volumes of poetry including When Elephants Last in the Dooryard Bloomed, Where Robot Mice & Robot Men Run Around in Robot Towns, and The Haunted Computer and the Android Pope.

Gene Therapy Saves Lives Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argument Es

cistron Therapy Saves Lives Tim was diagnosed with a rare and deadly affection this morning. He is only five years senile with the rest of his life ahead of him. It isnt his fault that he received this disease or even his parents. This disease comes out in anyones body that has a defected broker. The disease has made Tim live in a sanitized bubble the last year because of the fear that he might catch any common bait and die. He has severe combined immunodeficiency, or SCID. The disease lacks a gene in charge of the bodys immune system called adenosine deaminase. Tim could be helped through a extremity called gene therapy, but he wont because there is too much debate on the ethnicity of gene therapy too much even to save his life. The use of gene therapy to prevent illness and disease by changing a persons transmitted makeup is a good use of acquaintance. Gene therapy is an approach in science to treat, or ultimately prevent disease by changing the expression of a persons gene s. The way a gene is expressed is something like a persons copper color. Gene therapy is still in its very early stages of development. Any gene therapy that is being worked on today is still in its experimental stages. It will non be used in humans for extensive use for a while. The only humans are ones who are in clinical trials (Gene Therapy). Gene therapy can be done by using either somatic, which are from the body, or germ, which are from egg or sperm, cells. In somatic gene therapy the recipients genome, genetic makeup, is changed, but the changes are not passed down to the next generation. In germ line gene therapy, the parents egg and sperm cells are changed with the goal of passing on the changes to their offspring. Germ line gene ... ...http//www.srtp.org.uk/genthpy1.htmIssues. Gene Therapy. Oak Ridge topic Laboratory. 21 Nov. 2002. 3 Dec. 2002 http//www.ornl.gov/hgmis/medicine/genetherapy.html. Genetics in the Courtroom. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 21 Nov. 2002. 1 0 Dec. 2002 http//www.ornl.gov/hgmis/courts/courts.html. Godoy, Maria. Gene Therapy Offers Hope for the Blind. TechTV News. 1 May 2001. 4 Dec. 2002 http//www.techtv.com/news/specialreport/story/0,24195,3325114,00.html. Human Genome Diversity Project. Morrison Institute. 6 Oct. 1994. 3 Dec. 2002 http//www.stanford.edu/group/morrinst/hgdp/faq.html. Kitcher, Phillip. Manipulating Genes How much is Too Much? PBS Online. Apr. 2002. 8 Dec. 2002 http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/manipulate.html. Scenario A- Part 1. Strategis.gc.ca. 6 Dec. 2002 http//strategis.ic.gc.ca/SSG/bb00010e.htmlAP1.

Gene Therapy Saves Lives Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argument Es

gene Therapy Saves Lives Tim was diagnosed with a rare and deadly disease this morning. He is only five years old with the rest of his life ahead of him. It isnt his fault that he received this disease or even his parents. This disease comes out in anyones body that has a defected gene. The disease has made Tim live in a sanitized bubble the last year beca substance abuse of the fear that he might catch any universal bug and die. He has severe combined immunodeficiency, or SCID. The disease lacks a gene in charge of the bodys immune system called adenosine deaminase. Tim could be helped through a process called gene therapy, but he wont because there is too much debate on the ethnicity of gene therapy too much even to save his life. The use of gene therapy to prevent illness and disease by changing a persons genetic makeup is a good use of science. Gene therapy is an approach in science to treat, or ultimately prevent disease by changing the expression of a persons genes. The wa y a gene is expressed is something like a persons hair color. Gene therapy is still in its very early stages of development. Any gene therapy that is being worked on today is still in its experimental stages. It result not be used in humans for extensive use for a while. The only humans are ones who are in clinical trials (Gene Therapy). Gene therapy can be done by using either somatic, which are from the body, or germ, which are from egg or sperm, cells. In somatic gene therapy the recipients genome, genetic makeup, is changed, but the changes are not passed down to the next generation. In germ line gene therapy, the parents egg and sperm cells are changed with the goal of handout on the changes to their offspring. Germ line gene ... ...http//www.srtp.org.uk/genthpy1.htmIssues. Gene Therapy. Oak ridgepole National Laboratory. 21 Nov. 2002. 3 Dec. 2002 http//www.ornl.gov/hgmis/medicine/genetherapy.html. Genetics in the Courtroom. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 21 Nov. 2002. 10 Dec. 2002 http//www.ornl.gov/hgmis/courts/courts.html. Godoy, Maria. Gene Therapy Offers Hope for the Blind. TechTV News. 1 May 2001. 4 Dec. 2002 http//www.techtv.com/news/specialreport/story/0,24195,3325114,00.html. Human Genome Diversity Project. Morrison Institute. 6 Oct. 1994. 3 Dec. 2002 http//www.stanford.edu/ mathematical group/morrinst/hgdp/faq.html. Kitcher, Phillip. Manipulating Genes How Much is Too Much? PBS Online. Apr. 2002. 8 Dec. 2002 http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/manipulate.html. Scenario A- Part 1. Strategis.gc.ca. 6 Dec. 2002 http//strategis.ic.gc.ca/SSG/bb00010e.htmlAP1.

Impact of Telecommunication Social or Economical

In 2013, worldwide telecommunications will reach $2. 3 trillion in revenues 1. The revenue from telecommunication function is projected to grow at the rate of 3. 8 percent 1. Not only is the telecommunications industry monetarily strong but also has a great tinct on the social and economic development of the world. Telecommunications has changed the way people live, interact and conduct businesses. Rwanda, commonly known as the Land of a Thousand Hills, is a plain in central Africa. This country faced a civil war in 1993.Between April and June 1994, an estimated 800,000 Rwandans were killed 9. After this genocide, one of the most important areas of development that the organisation focused on was Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Rwanda, with its hilly terrain, is favorable for growing tea and coffee. Export of tea comprised of 70% of its export 2. Thus during the U. S. recessional of 2009, Rwandas GDP grew by 4. 1% in comparison to 11. 2% a year before 4. The geog raphy of the country and the underdeveloped road/ educate transportation adds on to increased cost in exporting goods 2. nonpareil of the main reasons for focusing on ICT policy was to convert Rwanda from an agrarian economy to an information-centric economy 3. In order to achieve this, the Government has implemented subject area Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy 8. Earlier in Rwanda, there were a very few newspapers published on a weekly or even on biweekly basis. The Rwandan Government used to broadcast radio all throughout the solar day in order to educate people 2. But this effort did not scale nationwide and the nature of information was limited.There were three major telecommunications providers in the country by 2012, because of National ICT policy and privatization of Rwandas telecommunications industry. Telecommunications operate pay off provided a broader source of information through the Internet and has facilitated in educating the people of Rwand a across the nation. One of the main health care issues faced in Rwanda is spread of HIV/AIDS. Innovative ways, such as bulk short message services (SMS), have been used to create awareness among people regarding the virus.The Rwanda Government has given out free cell phones to community health care volunteers, in an attempt to aid pregnant women 11. If there are any questions, updates, or complications regarding the pregnancy, health volunteers text the local clinic and get a response within minutes 11. Such telecommunications services have helped the social development of Rwanda. Up until 2006 telecommunications in Rwanda was state owned monopoly. Since then there has been privatization of the telecommunications industry 5.Privatization of the industry led to the arrival of international telecommunications giants. outside(prenominal) investment in the telecommunication industry has become one of the channels for the government to increase its revenue. In the fiscal year of 2011/ 2012, Rwandas government disconnected over $23 one million million million because of fuel tax reduction. During the same fiscal year, Bharti Airtel, one of the international telecommunications giant from India, bought a telecommunications license worth $100 million 5. The Rwanda Government has used this payment to offset part of Rwandas fiscal deficit 6.In order to increase their customer base, all of the telecommunications companies have introduced mobile capital services. This service allows customers to send and receive money within the country and also overseas 7. Almost, Rwf45 billion has been transferred to and from Rwanda from the inception of this service. The telecommunications companies are directly licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda to facilitate mobile money services. The mobile money service has helped in providing more financial services 10.Telecommunications has helped economic development of the country by enabling easy transfer of money 7. In conclusion, I CT is helping to re-build Rwanda. The National ICT policy and action plan re-emphasizes the importance of ICT. Telecommunications has helped Rwanda develop socially and economically. This analysis has do me realize that telecommunications is not just any other industry, but has the power to change lives of millions. References 1 Anonymous (2012). Worldwide Telecommunications Industry Revenue to Reach $2. Trillion in 2013, Online Available http//www. kten. com/story/20754074/worldwide-telecommunications-industry-revenue-to-reach-22-trillion-in-2013-says-insight-research-corp Accessed on January 30, 2013. 2 Anonymous. Online Available http//www. historycentral. com/nationbynation/Rwanda/Economy. html Accessed on January 30, 2013 3 K. David (2004, May). IMPLEMENTING THE NATIONAL ICT POLICY AND PLAN in RWANDA Online. Available http//www. powershow. com/view/200885-ZTVmZ/IMPLEMENTING_THE_NATIONAL_ICT_POLI

An Interview Of International Students Education Essay

In order to acquire more precise information and orient consequences, the inquiry was conducted by two chief flairological analysiss, which are wonder, and concentrate group. Interview is mavin of the most effectual and direct manner to analyze the preface made antecedently and compares the consequences with expected 1s. It is in any event a manner for participant to acquire involved and speak ab fall forbidden their positions and the interviewees are able to discourse their perceptual experience and drill in relation to a perpetraten put up of affairs. Some argued the interview is non merely concentrated on roll uping informations or so spiritedness it is portion of life itself its human embeddedness is ineluctable ( Cohen, et al. , 2000 ) . As my explore is focused on cert ain groups of great deal s life behaviour, therefore interview would be the primary method to be used.Structured interview was considered at first as I thought it would constipate more contro l of the interview and it could be easier to compare all the consequences. However, as the inquiries are instead unfastened, replies are really different from each and during the interview, interviewee would divide some reply that may raise some other valuable inquiry. The information interviewee are able provide is really more than I thought earlier and it may be better to merely hire semi structured interview and allow it be more free and that manner I could besides acquire more meritable consequences. Although different inquiries faculty be used during questioning different disciples, all the inquiries are relevant to the chief seek intent. Furthermore, the flexibleness of semi structured interview could overpower the restrictions on statistical analysis that would ensue. And flexibleness in planing and polishing the interview ushers and in put to deathing interviews is perchance the most important key to success in utilizing this method ( Horton, et Al, 2004 ) . Corbetta ( 2003 ) illustrate points like for semi structured interview, within each subject, the interviewer is free to do the conversation as he thinks tantrum, to inquire the inquiries he finds appropriated in the course he considers best, to explicate the inquiries and inquire for elucidation if the reply is non clear and to make his ain manner of conversation. In semi structured interview, a specific speculation does non necessitate to be tested needfully by the interviewer ( David & A Sutton, 2004 ) . Because the research is seeking to happen out a consequence instead than to turn out a hypothesis, it may be better to follow this type of interview.Ten International disciples from different states were interviewed meanwhile five Chinese pupil were interviewed every check good. The 15 interviewees claimed they all drink before the interviews officially start. In order to make a relaxed and private ambiance, all the interviews took topographic point in interviewees manner and all of interviewees throw off their single room in No.11th edifice ( internationalist pupils abode, No. 12th Building ( postgraduate pupils abode ) and No. 16th edifice ( Male pupils abode ) . Due to the turning away of mistranslation between Chinese and English, the interviews were conducted wholly in English and the replies were get intoed by handwriting drumhead in English every bit good. Some inquiries were added after a few interview were through as comparing the replies between some Chinese pupil interviewees gave and some international pupil interviewees, there leave be valuable inquiries emerged. And that could be seen as countries I did non expect. Semi structured interview gives me chances to examine for thoughts and sen judgment of convictionnts of the interviewee. probing is understood as a manner for the interview to research new waies which were non ab initio thought ( Gray, 2004, p.217 ) . Besides cardinal subjects and sub-questions from interviewee give research wor ker a sense of order to make inquiries from unplanned brushs ( David & A Sutton, 2004, p.87 ) . For metaphor, matchless inquiry was which manner of imbibing do you prefer the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing ( i.e. purchase a bottle and blend it with soft drinks and portion it ) or typical Western pupil manner of imbibing ( i.e. everyone purchase their ain drink ) and why. Most of Chinese pupil and international pupil interviewee answered sooner typical Chinese pupil manner nevertheless Chinese pupil interviewee besides claimed they think international pupil by and large would non prefer the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing. Consequently a inquiry for international pupil interviewee why do you believe some Chinese pupil claim they think international pupil would non prefer the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing is add up.Furthermore, with the purpose of acquiring more in depth consequences, the model of focal point group were used as second method. A foca l point group is a structured group interview. It is an exploratory technique that sets out to happen a scope of sentiments around a comical subject ( Hawe et.al. , 1990 ) . Focus groups are particularly effectual for capturing information about societal norms and assortment of sentiment or positions within a population. The population of this research would be two peculiar group- international and Chinese pupils in UNNC. Denzin and Lincoln ( 1994, p.365 ) demonstrate that the term concentrate group could be used to a state of affairs in which the interviewer ask group members really specific inquiries about a subject after comparatively epic research has already been completed.Because non everyone will hold the same positions and experiences and due to different in age, gender, entree to resources, and other factors-many different point of view will probably be expressed by participants. Within a survey, focal point groups are typically one method among many that are used to m ake a complete number of how given issue affects a community of people. Focus groups contributes to this wide apprehension by supplying reasoned informations on societal and cultural norms, the pervasiveness of these norms within the community, and people s sentiment about their ain values. Denzin and Lincoln ( 1994, p.365 ) demonstrate that the term concentrate group could be used to a state of affairs in which the interviewer ask group members really specific inquiries about a subject after comparatively big research has already been completed. Because semi-structured interview had already been done at earlier phase and I want to happen out wider and more in deepness consequence, two focal point groups was formed, and participant were licentiously selected, and participants are wholly different from those who took portion in the interview. Harmonizing to Merton et Al, the size of the group should seemingly be determined by tow considerations it should non be excessively big to manage and non to be excessively little it fails to supply better coverage that an interview with one person. Nevertheless, the figure of participants besides depends on the aims of the research ( Stewart & A Shamdasani, 1990 ) . small groups including four to six people can be preferred when the participants have a great trade to portion the subject or hold had seemly experience with the subject that is traveling to be discussed ( Kreuger, 1988, p. 94 ) . Because of deficient clip and I am seeking to cut down cost, besides international pupils and Chinese pupils are both familiar with the research subject and they have their enthusiasm replying the inquiries, each group consists of five members, of whom the first group with international pupils discusses four inquiries, the 2nd group with all Chinese pupils discoursing the same inquiries. Furthermore, a focal point group should be carefully planned treatment designed to ask perceptual experiences in a defined country of involve ment in a permissive, non-threatening environment ( Kreuger, 1988, p. 18 ) . All the inquiries were pre planed and under the way of non being insistent as interview inquiries and the first group treatment took topographic point in a kitchen of international pupils abode, where is regarded like a common room for international pupils and the topographic point they have drinks and socialise. This manner all the participants may experience less intense and more permissive. To do certain the 2nd group participants have a relaxed atmosphere every bit good, the treatment occurred in the juice saloon, a topographic point where Chinese pupils ever like to socialise, loosen up and safekeeping treatment at that place. The process of the treatments were recorded by tape recording equipment and summarized in word paperss.Ethical motivesEthical jobs and concerns are portion of mundane figure of making all sorts of research, particularly in soft research. It is argued there are at least two maj or dimensions of moralss in qualitative research ( Guillemin & A Gillam, 2004 ) . The first 1 is procedural moralss that usually involves seeking blessing from a relevant moralss commission to set about research affecting worlds. The 2nd one is moralss in pattern that value orientational issues originate in making the research. About the utility in turn toing ethical issues that originate in pattern, professional ethic codifications may be non practical and applicable but merely serve as general guidelines ( Guillemin & A Gillam, 2004 ) . Procedural moralss of my research would be evaluated. There are some countries in which ethical jobs face the judge such as keep backing the nature of the rating research from the participant, exposing participants to Acts of the Apostless that would harm them invasion of participant s privateness and keep backing benefits from participant and so on ( House, 1993 ) . As for my research, ethic would be examined from the facets of cognizant consent, confidentiality and privateness.Informed consent in qualitative research is frequently consider unsafe as it indicate that the research worker knows before the event that what it will be in the terminal and its realistic effects, nevertheless this is non the instance in qualitative research ( Eisner, 1991 ) . Although as my research is qualitative, I am non able to state the participants what the consequences would be and what effects it would convey, I did informed and explained all the participants the nature of the probe before the interview and concentrate group was initiated. Piccolo & A Thomas ( 2008 ) illustrated that the topic should show his/her credence of digesting fraudulence and incommodiousness and the research worker must vouch the safe calabash of confidentiality and the public assistance of the participant. Capable must be made feel that they could discontinue the survey at any clip without any penalty and reverberation. In my instance, all the participan ts were asked whether if they are willing to reply the inquiries of their imbibing behaviour and besides give information about their parents imbibing behaviour as there are inquiries related in the interview. Additionally, they were informed if they feel uncomfortable replying some inquiries they could merely decline to reply it or discontinue the interview or treatment at any minute.Qualitative judges could ever cover with confidentiality by trying procedure and through serious precautions when the information is analyzed ( Shaw, 2003 ) . The United States National Institution of Heath grants certifications of confidentiality for some probe incorporate private information that may take to stigmatisation or favoritism, information related to utilize of intoxicant, drugs or other habit-forming substances is one of them. Because my research is linked with the use of intoxicant, confidentiality is needed without any uncertainty. In order to do informations drumhead easier, I had ask ed all of the participants full name, age and nationality. Their information along with interview responds transcript is traveling to be destroyed after informations analysis is done. The record tape and the paperss that have all the information in would be destroyed and deleted. Interviewees and participants were told their information would be vanished after the research is done and they gave their information voluntarily. Furthermore, I chose to hold the interviews and concentrate group in participants ain room protected participants privateness as they were speaking their ain behaviour.RestrictionsThe restrictions of this survey Begin with me, as a research worker. I am restricted with timing, deficiency of certain cognition and entree. Basically, being an undergraduate pupil, non-professional and missing in assurance due to this being the first research survey could impact what I have to show.One restriction of my research could be related to reflexiveness as semi structured interview is one of the method I used in the research. The interview has been important for deconstructing the production of cognition within research, taking to concerns over how we understand another individual s universe position , however, when it comes to concerns over method or analysis within the academy, reflexiveness is frequently limited to either an analysis of the kineticss between the interviewer and the interviewee or precedent of biased caused by temperament of the research worker ( Briggs, 2002 ) . As mentioned earlier, there were some inquiry of the interview were added and modified after a few interview as done, responds of some early interviewee have effects on the coevals of the inquiry. Their replies changed my perceptual experience of some certain country before planing the inquiries and I have to alter and add inquiries in the terminal to acquire more accurate and specific informations. Furthermore, being a Chinese pupil making interview that contains inqui ries about other people s position of Chinese pupils imbibing behaviour, interviewee sometimes may believe twice before replying some inquiries and being conservative non give all the responds they want because my nationality is impacting them. Besides there might be some grade of demand features existed during the interview. A demand characteristicA refers to an experimental artefact where participants form an reading of the experiment s intent and unconsciously change their behaviour consequently. There are some of the inquiry of the interview could be misdirecting the interviewee give replies they anticipant the interviewer would desire. For illustration inquiry No. 17 assumed Chinese pupil would travel to the ideal pupil saloon on a regular basis, this may give them the incorrect thought I want the reply that there would be more interaction between Chinese and international pupils if there was of all time a ideal pupil saloon.Other restrictions could non be neglected every bit good. Due to the ground this is my first research, I am a comparatively inexperient interviewer, which may ensue non able to inquire prompt inquiries and some relevant informations might non be gathered. With the method of semi structured interview itself, non merely the informations could be inaccurate, but besides it could hold undependable informations as it is non-standardized and different inquiries were asked for the interview. And the cogency could be questionable as I am non able to happen out if the respondents were lying. Furthermore, sample of my research could be excessively little as I merely interviewed 15 interviewees and the figure of Chinese pupil participants and international pupils participants were non the same, this could make sloping consequences. Meanwhile, the usage of focal point group may hold similar defects. Datas could be undependable and cogency should be argued every bit good as the little figure of respondents bounds generalisation to the wider popu lation. Besides during the procedure of making focal point group interview, there was a group member of international pupils group being over strong and dominant of the treatment which could do colored consequences.MethodologyParticipant observationInterviewEthical motivesReflexivity ( include demand features )

Developmental psychology Essay

Up until a week ago I thought that the kingdoms ideas of kindergarten training were just political lip service, but last week my opinion changed. I was in the car listening to an interview on NPR (sadly I do not remember the womans name) about a new program called Washington Kindergarten Inventory of Developing Skills, or WaKIDS. This year is the pilot while for this program. The interview was also on the up and coming mandate the tike care workers, and preschool teacher have a Bachelors degree. This mandate will go into effect in 2013 in Washington State.The mission statement for WaKIDS is The Washington Kindergarten Inventory of Developing Skills (WaKIDS) is a kindergarten process that * Welcomes families into the Washington K-12 system as partners in their small frys education. * Gives kindergarten teachers information about the maturement of children in their classroom to help them teach every childdata about sociable/emotional, cognitive, language/literacy and physical te aching. * Align practices of early learning professionals and kindergarten teachers to support smooth transitions for children.* Offers a statewide snapshot of where children in Washington are in their development at the start of kindergarten, to help inform state-level decisions about policy and investments This program is designed to provide a smooth transition from pre-school to kindergarten and maintain positive development in each child. WaKIDS focuses on four main areas in child development they are physical, social/emotional, cognitive and language. The program aims to maintain a collaberation betwixt child care provides, preschool, early education and policy makers in an effort to provide the best arena for children to develop.These collaborations are in person meetings when a child is transitioning from one grade to another. For example, preschool teachers will meet with kindergarten teacher and discuss each child progress or standing and needs. This aids the next teacher in keeping a positive flow to a childs education, and it allows for the child to be more personally invested in their own success if they get laid that they teachers is also invested on a personal level.In the NPR interview the woman who was speaking she owns a daycare facility,said that she only plights people who have at least a Bachelors degree. This is also going to be state mandated by 2013 that every kindergarten teacher have at least a BA, and that there is a 1 to 2 or 1 to 3 ratio of BA holding workers in day cares. The interviewee talked about how she would prefer to hire only those who have college degrees, because they are professionally trained in child development area. I think this is an admirable desire, but it does narrow the employee field because not everyone who is committed to making childrens live better can afford to go to college.This provides material for a great debate, but for me, what it really does is take outdoor(a) from the development of children. C hildren thrive because they can use their ability to assimilate their surroundings, and the experiences there in. If only people who have college degrees are working with kids imagine how that lessens a childs experience of lifes diversity. In conclusion, I fully support the desires by the Superintendents office to enrich the education standards of this state and heighten the educational level of our children I am very leery about all the politics that accompany a program such as WaKIDS.I do believe that it is a step in the right direction, and if we as people who work toward the betterment of children will take the risk we ought to bearing even further toward education. For example the Friends school, or Montessori school, or even parochial school. Look at what works. Look into why they provide better education than open schools. And with the guide and more programs like WaKIDS I believe that we will achieve the goal of educating well and enriching our children.

The Atmosphere and its Layers

How does the melodic phrase affect conditions on Earth? What is Earths atmosphere composed of? How do coerce and density vary with spinning spinning top? What are the characteristics of the major layers of the atmosphere? Important Terms atmosphere alarm pressure barometer troposphere weather stratosphere ozone layer mesosphere troposphere Ionosphere aurora At 8848 meters (29,030 feet) above sea level, tantalize Everest Is the highest mountain in the world. In 1952 Edmund Hillary, a New Zealand mountaineer, and TentingNorway, a mountain guide from Nepal, became the starting humans to reach the top. The climb was very dangerous for several(prenominal) reasons, including the super low temperature and low level of type O at the summit. When they finally made it to the top, the two men cheered and embraced. Then Hillary did something to prove a point ?he took off his oxygen mask. He wanted to show that a person could stay a plump while breathing naturally at that high natural elevation. unless after a few minutes, his vision began to fail. When Hillary replaced his mask, his vision improved. Then the two men started back down the mountain.Why did Hillary and Tenting need to carry oxygen to the top of Mount Everest? And why was It so cold there? The answers to these questions depend on how the alarm around Earth changes with elevated railway. Earths Protective Layer What you commonly speak railway line, scientists call the atmosphere. The atmosphere (at mum safer) is the layer of gases that surrounds Earth. The atmosphere forms a protective saltation between Earth and space and provides conditions that are suitable for life. The atmosphere protects Earths fold up from recurring pounding by meteoroids, chunks of rock and metal from space.The atmosphere as well as protects Earth from much f the high-energy radiotherapy from space. The atmosphere holds in heat and helps to confine Earths temperatures. Without the atmosphere, Earths surface would be similar to the moons, boiling hot during the day and freezing cold at night. Earths relatively constant temperatures allow life to flourish. The atmosphere also provides the gases that are essential for life. Carbon dioxide In the atmosphere Is essential for plants and some other organisms to carry out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis Is the process of capturing the suns energy to make food.Oxygen Is produced during photosynthesis and released into the atmosphere. Your body uses oxygen to carry The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases. The composition of the atmosphere is fairly uniform up to an altitude of about 80 kilometers. Earths atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and many other gases, in which tiny solid and liquid particles are suspended. As Figure 2 shows, two gases?nitrogen and oxygen?make up more than 99 percent of clean, dry air. The amount of water vapor in air varies from 0. 02 percent in cold, dry air to more than 4. Percent in warm, moist a ir. Various amounts of water droplets and solid particles are suspended in the atmosphere. Some solid particles can be seen as floating dust, but most particles are microscopic. These solid particles come from various sources, including smoke from fires, ash and dust from volcanic eruptions, and salt from ocean spray. Air squeeze The atmosphere has weight because of Earths gravity. As a result of this weight, the atmosphere exerts pressure. Recall that pressure is the force exerted on a surface divided by the orbital cavity over which the force is exerted.Air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of a column of air on a surface. At sea level, air pressure is about 101 ,325 Newtons per square meter, more commonly expressed as 1013. 5 milliners. One Millard equals 100 Newtons per square meter. Effect of Altitude. Air pressure changes with altitude. The atmosphere is densest near Earths surface and becomes less dense as altitude increases, as shown in Figure 3. Why is this? Air can be compressed, as it is when you philia air into a tire or a basketball. Near Earths surface, the column of air includes the entire depth of the atmosphere, so the pressure and density are high.As altitude increases, the depth of the column of air above decreases, so the pressure decreases. At high altitudes there is very little air in the column above, so air pressure is lower. As altitude increases, air pressure and density decrease. About half of the total mass of the atmosphere is found below an altitude of 5. 6 kilometers. When Hillary and Tenting climbed Mount Everest, they went well above this halfway point. As they climbed, the air became less dense. Hillary had trouble breathing without an oxygen mask because there were fewer oxygen molecules per cubic meter of air at the summit than at sea level.Measuring Air Pressure. Scientists measure air pressure with an instrument called a barometer. The first barometer was invented in 1643 by the Italian scientist Evangelists T orricellis. Torricellis invented a mercury barometer, similar to the one shown in Figure 4. As air pressure increases, the column of mercury in the barometer rises. As air pressure decreases, the column of mercury falls. Thus, a measurement of the height of a column of mercury is a measurement of air pressure. At sea level, the average air pressure is about 760 millimeters of mercury or, more commonly, 29. 2 inches of mercury. An aneroid (an uh rood) barometer is a smaller, more portable type of barometer. The word aneroid means not using liquid. Aneroid barometers use a metal chamber that expands and contracts with changes in air pressure. Temperature changes dramatically as you move up from Earths surface high into the atmosphere. Scientists use variations in temperature to divide the atmosphere into four vertical layers. The four layers of the atmosphere are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the troposphere. The Troposphere.You, along with many other living things, live in the layer of the atmosphere called the troposphere. The troposphere (troth pup safer) is the lowest layer of Earths atmosphere. This layer contains almost all of the atmospheres water vapor and suspended particles, which are important in the formation of clouds and reciprocation. approximately weather takes place in the troposphere. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a peculiar(a) place at a particular time. The height of the troposphere ranges from about 9 kilometers above the poles to 16 kilometers above the tropics.The average height of the troposphere is about 12 kilometers. In the troposphere, temperature generally decreases as altitude increases. though it varies somewhat, the rate of decrease averages about 6. 5 Celsius degrees per kilometer. For example, if it is ICC where you are on Earths surface, then it is probably about ICC at an altitude of 2 kilometers above you. This characteristic of the troposphere accounts for the extremely low tempera tures that Hillary and Tenting had to withstand when they scaled Mount Everest. The Stratosphere. Above the troposphere, as shown in Figure 5, is the stratosphere.The stratosphere (strata uh safer) extends from an altitude of about 12 kilometers to about 50 kilometers. The temperature of the stratosphere form nearly the same from the boundary with the troposphere to an altitude of about 20 kilometers. Above that height, temperature increases as altitude increases. The temperature in the lower stratosphere remains about -ICC. Above 20 kilometers, the temperature rises to about COCO. The upper stratosphere is warmer than the lower stratosphere because of the presence of the ozone layer, a arena of high ozone concentration.Recall that ozone is a highly reactive gas whose molecules are composed of terce oxygen atoms (03). Most of the oxygen molecules you breathe are composed of two oxygen atoms (02). In the stratosphere, the energy of sunlight is great enough to split 02 molecules in to angiotensin converting enzyme oxygen atoms (O). When an oxygen atom (O) collides with a molecule of oxygen (02), ozone (03) is formed. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet (XIV) radiation in sunlight and filters such of it out before such radiation can reach Earths surface. The energy absorbed from UP radiation is converted into thermal energy, warming the upper stratosphere.Because UP radiation can be harmful to living things, the presence of the ozone layer is extremely important to life on Earth. In humans, I-JP radiation can cause a deadly form of jumble cancer. Certain chemical pollutants have been depleting ozone in the stratosphere, permitting more UP radiation to reach Earths surface. However, the release of such chemicals was limited by international agreements and national policies take in the sass. As a result, ozone levels in the stratosphere appear to have stabilized. The Mesosphere. The layer above the stratosphere is the 50 kilometers and extends to about 80 kilometers.In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases. At the top of the mesosphere, the temperature approaches -ICC. The air is very thin in the mesosphere. Studies in the sass discovered that air in this layer may move at speeds of more than 320 kilometers per hour. Most meteoroids that enter the atmosphere burn up in the mesosphere. The Troposphere. The outermost layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere (thru mom freer), begins at an altitude of about 80 kilometers and extends outward into space. No boundary marks the end of the atmosphere.Instead, the thin air of the troposphere gradually merges with space. In the troposphere, temperature increases rapidly with altitude, from about -ICC to more than 10000C. Recall from physics that temperature is a measure of the average energizing energy of molecules. Because gas molecules in the troposphere absorb solar radiation and move very fast, the temperature is quite high. The Ionosphere. The ionosphere (eye ann. uh safer) is not a distinct layer of the atmosphere. Rather, it is a region of charged particles, or ions, that overlaps the lower troposphere.In the ionosphere, molecules of nitrogen and oxygen lose one or more electrons as they absorb high-energy wavelengths of solar radiation. The molecules become positively charged ions. These ions are most dense between the altitudes of 80 and 400 kilometers. At these high altitudes, certain radio waves sent from Earths surface, such as AM radio waves, bounce off ions and travel back to Earth. You can often hear AM radio stations from very far away at night because the suns radiation is blocked by Earth. The ions start o recombine at night, allowing AM radio waves to travel farther.

What Have Been the Main Developments in Strike Activity in Britain over the Last 35 Years?

What energize been the main developments in sop up activity in Britain everyplace the last 35 years? lulu activity is a form of industrial operation that can occur in the workplace once counterpoint has risen. It is a complete confirmation of work by a group of employees and its aim is to express a grievance or to enforce a demand. (Dundon, Rowlinson, 2011) Employees give usually use a impinge on as a last resort to deal with issues in the workplace workers are not able-bodied to fulfil a strike without a stringent military operation being adhered too with the help of their respective trade union.Employees can voluntarily become a atom of a trade union in which they assume for a representative to aid in times of need. Trade unions are used to regulate pay and works conditions between the employer and employee therefore employees will affirm the support of their trade union during times of proposed strike activity. There have been numerous strikes within the unavowed and public sector workforce since 1978 and this assignment is going to discuss the main developments in strike activity in Britain over the past 35 years.It goes without say that pre 1978, strikes have occurred (Sapsford, 1982) and played a significant part into more current affairs that can have relevance to post 1978 therefore numerous references possibly made to pre 1978 due to the impact it has had on the present day. Thatcher The process by which strikes have to follow is currently regulated under the Trade Union and get Relations Act 1992 (Legislation. Gov, 2013) This law outlines the rights of Trade Unions amongst other things. Notably, this law enforces that trade unions must use a process to perform a strike and this process entails the use of a postal vote called a ballot. Gov. UK,2013) Before this particular law was implemented the leader of the conservative party, Margaret Thatcher, had initiated the idea of making strike action harder to participate in. Margaret That cher was the prime minister from 1979 through until 1990 (Blundell,2008) and it was at this stage in history when trade unions were being reined in by several of Thatchers proposals. Thatcher seen the unions and their occurrence of strike activity to be disruptive and believed that the behaviour of the unions could be repressed by introducing a ballot system (Phillips,1979).This meant that employees would have to participate in a occult ballot to decide on whether to involve themselves in strike action. The introduction of this process was ruled by the Trade Union Act 1984 and meant that unions wouldnt be able to lawfully strike unless they had a majority vote (Carby-Hall,1984) therefore prolonging and hindering the prospect of employees and unions participating in strike activity. Winter of Discontent Thatchers introduction of such law appeared not long after one of the most momentous episodes of strike activity in history. The winter of discontent occurred between 1978 to 1979 a nd was recognised as the largest stoppage of crunch since the 1926 General Strike (Winter of Discontent,2007). This period of work stoppages appeared as a result of high unemployment and impolitic incomes policy, therefore workers felt the desire to fight the labour government and with the increasing size and militancy of public sector unions, the winter of discontent achieved a record status of days lost through strikes(Reitan,2003).Numerous amounts of unions and employees participated in strikes throughout the period of the winter of discontent Britain journeyed through power cuts, rubbish pilled in the streets and school closures along with a reduction to a three day working week (Elliott, 2008) all in the representation of workers welfare. A total of 39 million days were lost throughout the period between 1978 and 1979 (Gall, 2011) Coal Miners Strike The most significant affair of strike activity after Thatchers regulatory implementation to tackle trade union power was the coal miners strike in 1984.This work stoppage arose after the recession in the early 1980s which cut the demand for coal exposing the less productive parts of the industry. The strike lasted a substantial year and included the involvement of several thousand workers and was the most important defeat for trade union movement since the General Strike in 1926 agree to Lyddon. (Lyddon, 2013) This particular strike was catastrophic in regards to the potential effects not just on the coal mining industry, but also other industries that could have been affected by the decisions that lay within Mrs Thatchers power.Nick McGahey, the vice president on the NUM told a news conference that the strikers are not just engagement for their own jobs, but for the jobs other people from different industries (Miners Strike,2013). The steel, engineering and electrical industry will also experience knock on effects of numerous pit closures. As one can imagine being placed in Margaret Thatchers position as this moment in time may have been pressured to say the least, due to the scale of the strike. In 1984 there were 187,000 people in total who were miners and over half of them were participating in strike activity (Miners Strike, 2013).along with the implications of the political decisions being made, unemployment rates were at an all time high of over 3 million people unemployed. This figure was the highest since the period of the General strike in 1926 (ONS, 2013). For Mrs Thatcher, a strike of this measure must have been enough to have to tame, never mind having to battle with such high unemployment figures. This situation entirely could have been enough for the general public to view Mrs Thatcher in a negative light but she was re-elected as prime minister for the third time in 1987 (Margaret Thatcher, 2013).

Memo to Ceo

Our goal is to inspire, engage and develop our people to unleash full potential as individuals and as an organization. The organizational components of the hospital are its disposal board, administration, the nursing staff and different key personnel. Each group has primary responsibilities specific to the nature of their function. However, each group share common Interests with others and must twist cooperatively on issues such as long range planning, budgeting, capital equipment acquisition, facilities design, maintenance, and quality assurance.According to Giuliani (2004) decentralisation is a structure that would promote better-informed decision-making, ensure effective articulation. Additionally, decentralization encourages self-sustainability and enable greater of understanding of local needs as well as better use of local resources and growth potentials for improving productivity and increase quality of care.Being cognizant of how Select Medicals decentralized structure f unctions will help to formulate effective strategies for improvement. There are crucial responsibilities In the organizing of Select Specialty. The regime Board represents corporate leadership and ownership. The Governing Board address legal and regulatory manliness, Investments and business procedures, allowably Insurance, gulden and directing the organization, and establishing its policies and for charting its future course.Of crucial grandness is the need for the governing board to ensure that specific organizational goals and philosophies are identified so that all parties have a clear understanding of why the institution exists and what goals everyone should be working toward. The Administrator is responsible for the implementation of the Boards policy in the daily operations of the hospital. While the board is primarily unconcerned with whether the hospital will do well, the administrator is responsible for how it will be achieved.Typically the administrator focuses on hiring , organizing and supervising personnel and staff, designing and implementing proper policies and procedures, and allocating resources efficiently. The nursing staff and other key staff are responsible for caring out the interventions prescribed by the physician according to polices and procedures designed by the Governing Board. The staff group approach works to identify all of the patients medical conditions, devise he administrator is the liaison between the Governing Board and the rest of the organization.The identification and association of Selects structure and functionality will assist in developing a strategic plan that will be in align with the vision, mission and objectives of the organization. Please tincture free to contact me. Best regards, Michelle Frank References Giuliani, V. S. (2004). Decentralization of Health Care Understanding the Relationship Between Values, Social Interaction and Health Policy. Conference cover American Sociological Association, 1 . Dot as _proceeding_35637. PDF

Learning Team Reflection: Chase Strategy Essay

Chase strategy is when production meets the postulate and capacity from one period to the next. This strategy is more often than not used when demand is unpredictable and there is no inventory. Many cases when development this strategy result in a hire turnover rate when it comes to fight which can lead to insecure and unhappy employees. Problems with tire out unions may arise as well. Other results of this strategy include increased inventory costs and planetary use of factories and equipment. This allows factories to have a large amount of flexibility.A major advantage of the strategy is that inventory is allowed at its lowest level which can take into account a savings to some companies. The just-in concept firms utilize the chase strategy to aggregate planning. There are many companies that prefer to use a conspiracy of the level and chase strategy. The combination enables optimization of goals and lower costs more so than independently. Companies and businesses within th e service assiduity that use this strategy are demand matching which means that the workforce must match the demand. some other example of an industry that uses the chase strategy is the auto industry. Companies like Ford, GM, and Hyundai have automobiles that depreciate promptly and the cost of warehousing, insurance, and taxes are high. Automobiles cannot be stockpiled for too long so therefore, only so many are made based on demand of the consumer. Another example would be the fast food industry. For example, Chik-Fil-A would only produce a meal once an order is taken which meets the demand of the customer.When companies in the service industry use Chase Strategy, they tend to hire hourly employees, part time employees and allow overtime in order to meet the demand of customers. Some disadvantages of using the Chase Strategy would be a high turnover rate which can cause low employee morale as well as problems with labor unions and a possible increase in labor costs. The use of the Chase Strategy could also mean higher hiring and training costs.

Cyber Bullying Essay

Cyber deterrence has become an increasing issue in the last hardly a(prenominal) years in the United States. The reason why this type of bulling is the worst because the bully could come from mostbody anonymous as well as it could come from any adjust and at any time. As a result, the victim that is being bullied will suffer nigh short and long term problems such as mistrusting of others, anxiety, depression, poor performance at school, and can result in suicide.Due to the increasing issue of teenagers being cyber bullied, it should be a criminal, punishable offense in the United States in order to nurture the Nations children and teenagers. What is Cyber Bullying? In the rapid development in technology, there vex been some issues that have come to light ab go forth the use of these products in the hands of adolescences. It has been found through some research that cyber push around is a new form of violent behavior (B hold onixen, Endresen, and Olweus, 2003).Cyber bullying behavior is draw as violent behavior that is against an individual or group that is demonstrated through the usage of network and mobile phones (Vandebsch and Cleemput, 2008). This type of violent behavior includes an individual hacking onto another individuals personal website, leaking turn up damaging information through the use of communication technology such as mobile phone, email, and displace messages. The Effects of Cyber Bullying Although cyber bullying does not occur in person, it can still have the like emotional and mental effects of regular bullying.A child that has been bullied/cyber bullying more than likely to arrive loneliness, unhappiness, anxiety, depression, and problems sleeping (Keith & Martin, 2005). Many times the effects of bullying often go unnoticed due to the incident the victim feels embarrassed and/or afraid the bullying will continue. Often times, the victim tends to act anxious, little confident, and become very quiet in class (Keith & Martin , 2005). As a result, the child has a probatory hurdle in their development and it also can be a hindrance in their donnish success.They have a fear that anything they put on any social site may be used against them by individual they know or dont know. Punishing Cyber Bullying Cyber bullying has become a serious widespread problem that has become more savage than a schoolyard bullying (Vandebsch & Cleemput, 2008). The adolescents lack the maturity to understand the consequences of their actions and feel that it is okay to retaliate without being caught (Vandebsch & Cleemput, 2008). The increase stories of tragedies where children being bullied all over social media sites have also increased in awareness.Stories such as Amanda Todd are coming out more and more in which the child has been bullied and the child affords suicide. Such tragic stories and nothing was ever do to the bullies or the bully was never found. As a result to the recent deaths of these children that have been bullied, many parents have pushed the government officials to do something and to criminalize cyber bullying. Amanda Todds mother is one that has established the Amanda Todd Trust Fund in which the donations is used to support and educate anti-bullying awareness.Many states like California has a law that makes it a misdemeanor to impersonate anyone through the web on social sites with the intent to threaten, harm, or intimidate other individuals (U. S. surgical incision of Health and Human Services, 2013). It is very difficult to make cyber bullying a federal crime in which the bullied committed suicide. The legal system is built to where the punishment fits the crime. Although cyber bullying does have its consequences and some cases do end in suicide we as a society, we must find a way to punish those that commit these crimes.Conclusion There are many different ways in how theyre exposed to the stinging life lessons of this world from predators to scam artists. Cyber bullying ha s come to light and it has many parents worried. One thing is for sure, its important for parents to be aware and learn how to navigate social media in order to help their children block cyber bullying and to be safe. The reason is that in the adolescences life, the most important stage is the period in where they develop bloods among their peers. They become more aware f issues in trying to have a place in their social world.This has a huge effect on their psychological development. Therefore, if adolescence has a positive relationship will lead to them having a successful identity and live in harmony with society (Sahin, Aydin, & Sari, 2012). On the other hand, if the adolescence has a negative relationship such as bullying from their peers will harm their emotional, social, and psychological development (Sahin, Aydin, & Sari, 2012). Therefore, as a society we should try the punishment that fits the crime.

Blaxicans and Other Reinvented Americans Essay

In Blaxicans and Other Reinvented Americans, Richard Rodriguez points out that America has take a place that is fully populated by immigrants from around the world. He asserts that there is no focussing to assign race names to citizens because everyone can be multiple races. According to Rodriguez, Americans create labels (e. g. Hispanic) in a ridiculous attempt to classify plenty in the simplest form a plan doomed to fail. Rodriguez continues by describing his idea of ethnicity, which is ultimately based on the way people act and the things they value.The article describes the way in which all races are intertwined within the country, and within the world. The idea of diversity is also mentioned in the article when discussing the thing of interracial marriages. Rodriguez goes on to describe the trumped-up(prenominal) Hispanic category much of this country has fallen into. Ultimately, Rodriguez explains that Hispanic is a term used only in America for colonization purposes. Hisp anic is a false idea because upon going to Latin America, one would encounter black Hispanics, white Hispanics, etc. and that is factual.By 2003, Hispanics became the largest nonage in the world (whatever that means). Rodriguez goes on to share his views on assimilation ASSIMILATION HAPPENS. Assimilation is the act of people of different backgrounds viewing themselves as a part of a larger national family. This article acknowledges the long array of racial possibilities within the world. Rodriguez ends the article by saying he, a man of Mexican descent, is Chinese because he enjoys Chinese culture, and that is how ethnicity should be decided.Vocabulary * incomprehensibly adv inarticulately (aimlessly, franticly, confusedly) * mythic adj make-believe (storied, imaginary, folkloric) * rind n covering (epicarp, hull, husk) * aforesaid(prenominal) adj previous come before (precedent, former, prior) * demythologizing v reinterpret a subject or text * mulatto n a person of mixed white a nd black ancestry Rhetorical Strategies * Anecdote On his wonder show, Bill Moyers once asked me how I thought of myself.As an American? Or Hispanic? I answered that I am Chinese, and that is because I live in a Chinese city and because I want to be Chinese. (paragraph 19) * Paradox I come to you as Chinese. Unless you understand that I am Chinese, then you have not understood anything I have said. (paragraph 25) * Imagery My eye has taken on that palette, has come to prefer fluxing lime green and rose reds and all the inventions o this Chinese Mediterranean. (paragraph 19).

Customer Relationship Management of Tesco Essay

This study explored the node relationship centering of Tesco. Tesco is the leading retailer in UK. It manages everywhere a thousand supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience stores in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Central Europe and Asia. The study analyzed the client relationship management, changes in consumer behavior, business environment, and PESTEL, which is very important in strategic and competitive study of an organization, peculiarly in the retail and redevelopment industry. Since the retail industry undergoes very diverse change almost everyday, it is middling right that Tescos strategy on change examined.In analyzing how Tesco is competitive, the study also utilized the turn out analysis and Porters five forces for the industry attractiveness. The study arrived to the conclusion that guest relationship management system help organizations improve the profitability of their interactions with contemporary and possible customers while at the same clipping making those interactions safer and friendlier through individualization and personalization. The systems goals be to enhance customer service, improve customer satisfaction and fancy customer retention (Tesco, 2010).Tesco still call for the aid of Michael Porters five forces, generic studies and ease up up leadership in influence to stay on the top in the retail industry. This report is aimed at critically analyzing customer relationship management, changes in consumer behaviour, macro, meso, and micro business environment of Tesco, one of the largest victuals and market retailers in the world, operating around 4,331 stores. Customer relationship management system and strategic evaluation tools much(prenominal) as PESTEL, Porters Five Forces, SWOT analysis reach been used in shape to achieve this aim.Tesco- Company Overview. Tesco is among the largest food retailer in the world with revenue in excess of 54 zillion pounds in 2009 and employing over 470,000 people. According to Datamonitor (2010), the commercial network portfolio of Tesco comprises over 960 Express stores which sell almost 7,000 products including fresh foods at suitable localities 170 Metro stores which sell a variety of food products in town and city centres and 450 superstores which sell both food and non-food items including books and DVDs.Tesco also provides online retailing services trough their website tesco. com and Tesco Direct. In addition, they provide broadband meshing connections and financial services through Tesco personal Finance (TPF). The comparative location of Tescos market sh are with respect to other leading players in the market has been illustrated as follows (Euromonitor, 2010) flesh 1 Share of Leading Players in UK Food Retail MarketCustomer Relationship counsel (CRM) is a business strategy that is facilitated and enabled by specialized engineering.In conjunction with deploying new technology and initiating selective info engineering and knowledge managemen t, no project of this scope should be launchinged if its does not address re-engineering processes across the service delivery model and the enablement and optimization of the people and the leadership that oversee it. It is an evolution that is enabled by web-technology that overtake acknowledge the cr cancel oution of micro-segments, precision targeting and full view of the customer across all the contact points across an enterprise. oneness of Tescos key weapons in the battle for retail supremacy has been its Clubcard loyalty scheme and the subsequent launch of the Clubcard plus debit card. These clear shown Tesco taking a clear initiative and then building promptly on its advantage (Tesco, 2010). One footnote to this is that loyalty cards should be seen as a yearner term selling tool since they enable retailers to learn to a greater extent about their customers shopping habits and respond whence with tailored offers.Tescos Clubcard enable the retailer to communicate with the customer on almost a one-to-one level and develop an offer which can be heavily focussed towards individual consumers according to their purchasing patterns. Moreover, customer retention and customer loyalty are major benefits of CRM systems to the organization as it is working to entertain existing customers by managing relationships with them will generally increase revenues and reduce cost.Positive outcomes can include a larger share of a customers businesses as a result of activities such as cross-selling and up selling. When CRM works, it helps to solve this problem by meshing everyone together and focusing the entire organization on the customer. CRM requires commitment and understanding throughout the community not just in marketing as it adds to a sense of expectation and loyalty world instilled within the consumer and the development of a relationship between company and customer that competitors find hard to break.Furthermore, the club card and customer retention can be cerebrate through the use of the internet, as internet is now the most popular means of reaching and interacting with customers having such rewards of increased customer retention, growth and profitability with the most proficient at managing their relationships with their most valuable customers with the potential to tighten connections with better service, remember customer histories and requirements to deliver personalized solutions, and improve the synchronization of dispersed points of customer contact.The study of consumers helps firms and organisations improve their marketing strategies. It is the study of individuals, groups, or organisations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society (Perner, 1999). Consumer loyalty cannot be fixed because they are constantly changing and consumers are correspondingly unpredictable in their behaviour.The shifting nature of the symbolism of consumer wants and needs makes it seem apparent to marketers that consumers do not know what they want, but besides what they do not want. Moreover, what is symbolic today may not be symbolic tomorrow or alternatively it may symbolize something that is unattractive. The task for marketers is to predict what will be a fashionable symbol tomorrow, and equally important, when tomorrow will be. Moreover, business competitors may copy or improve on a product or service but they still have to make the customers switch shits.Brands loyalty or resistance to switching can be based on lack of motivation to change from the existing brand, a genuine liking for an existing brand or the actual cost of switching. Switching costs reflect the sunken investment that has to be sacrificed in order to switch from one brand to another. Switching costs will be lower for fast-moving consumer goods but understandably higher for durable consumer w hite goods. An existing base of loyal customers provides an enormous sustainable competitive advantage.It reduces the marketing costs of doing business since existing customers are relative easy to hold whereas getting and retaining new ones is more difficult. The loyalty of existing customers represents a substantial entry barrier to would-be competitors. Excessive resources are postulate when entering a market in which existing customers must be cajoled away from an established brand with which they are well satisfied. The profit potential for the tentative entrant is thus reduced. Furthermore, competition is strong and the costs of getting new customers are high.Customers that have been with a company for some length of time tend, on average, to spend more on each transaction, offer more opportunities for selling them other products and services and give better recommendations to their friends and colleagues than other customers. Customer loyalty is considered to be an important driver of success and increased profitability. However, customer loyalty and customer retention need to be distinguished from one another. Customer retention reflects only repeat purchase behaviour.Customer loyalty, however, is more to do with how customers feel about the firm whether they trust the firm, whether they actively want to do business with the firm and whether they will recommend the firm to others. Customer loyalty is fast related to customer satisfaction. While retention can be obtained through discounts for repeat purchase and so on, getting high customer loyalty requires greater long-term investment. It involves emphasis on achieving excellent in the service activities that augment the basic product offering.The PESTEL framework below analyses the dynamic and unpredictable environment in which Tesco operates by identifying the forces that have the most impact on Tescos performance Political Chinas accession to the WTO has promised a free flow of foreign trades by r emoving all barriers encouraging Western companies, including Tesco, to make way into the worlds most profitable market encompassing over 1. 3 billion people (Straits Times, 2010). In 2009, an agreement was signed by Tesco to set up a premeditated series of joint ventures for the development of shopping malls in China.This joint venture included three malls Anshan, Fushan and Qinhuangdao (Tesco, 2009). Furthermore, on that point have been promotion of free trading blocs by governments to benefit from globalisation (Lynch, 2003). There have been also submersion of 10 further countries into the European Union (EU) which took place in 2004 promoting trade between Western and eastern European countries (BBC, 2009). This has provided Tesco with a platform to expand its retail network across the EU. Economic Economic factors are a matter of concern for Tesco since they impact directly on the buying behaviour of customers.Although, the UK economy was say officially under recession in 2 008, the governments substantial reduction in absorb rates helped to minimise further rises in unemployment during 2009 (Euromonitor, 2010). As a result of this, the spending power of consumers is again on a steady rise as they are more confident about their current financial situation. However, there is still a lot of financial uncertainty meaning that consumers are probable to spend less on premium products, encompassing organics and ready prepared meals, which will adversely expunge both sales value and margins (Keynote, 2010).However, the positive aspect of recession is that the customers eat out less and eat more at home which provides opportunities for grocery retailers like Tesco to increase their output (Guardian, 2010). It must be state that food is the last thing that customers will cut back on. The percentage of overall consumer spending on food has risen considerably over the years, as shown below (Euromonitor, 2010) Fig 2 UK Spending on Food as % of Overall Consume r Spending 2004 to 2008 The economic downturn has been brought to light with the assistance of the following gross domestic product growth graph since 1989 (Mintel, 2009)Fig 3 UK GDP Growth 1989-2009 Social UK population analysis shows that there are more retired people than children representing the Baby Boom generation (Herald Scotland, 2010).The agedness population is discouraging for the food retailers older people tend to eat less. They are less likely to travel to supermarkets to shop compared with the junior generation. Although, internet literacy level drops over the age of 65 years within the population (Turban et al. , 2001), it has nevertheless een predicted that the ageing population would find on-line shopping more convenient. In addition, consumers attitude towards food is incessantly changing as they have become more health-conscious. An increase in the demand for organic food has been accommodated by Tesco to reflect this change in demand. leavement by cheques and cash at the checkout was first do possible by Tesco. Technological Technology is one of the key macro-environmental variables that have directly influenced the supply cooking stove operation and processes of grocery and food retailers.Subscriptions to the internet have grown by over 50% and it has been estimated that the internet is being used by 70% of the population in the UK (Office for National Statistics, 2010). In addition, mobile technology has also taken off as a platform for distribution within food retailing. bare-assed Wine App developed by Cortexica Vision Systems, for example, has been used by Tesco since 2009 via which the customers are directed to Tesco Wine modify them to buy the selected wine directly from their mobile phone (Tomlinson & Evans, 2010).Moreover, loyalty programs are being introduced through information technology which discourage customers from switching over to their competitors (Sun, 2009). Environment Tesco has introduced its Greener Living Sc heme to give consumers advice on environmental issues including how to reduce food waste and their carbon footprint when preparing meals (Yuthas, 2009). Moreover, consumers reusing bags, recycling mobile phones and aluminium cans and preferring bagless deliveries are being rewarded through Tescos green Clubcard points (Tesco, 2010).Tesco has added carbon footprint data on dairy products, potatoes and orange juice, and aims at expanding it to bread and non-food items in 2010 (Tesco, 2010). Legal It has been stipulated that VAT would have to rise to 20% since the government has to finance a huge budget deficit (HM Treasury, 2010). This will affect the non-food sectors of Tesco, such as clothing. Moreover, drawing upon the Low Pay Commission Report (National Minimum Wage, 2009), the 2008 and 2009 combined up-ratings have resulted in an increase in the minimum lucre of 15. 5%. This will result in an increase of operating costs of supermarkets.

Earth Science and Society Essay

The advance(prenominal)(a) four major contributors to the development of modern astronomy after Copernicus are Galileo, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton. Galileo Galilei supported Copernicus ideas and was the one who devised the early telescope that was able to enlarge objects up to 20 times. With the use of this telescope, he was able to prove the Copernican theory proposed by Copernicus. Tycho Brahe is a Danish astronomer who focused on developing astronomical instruments as well as measuring and fixing the position of stars accurately before the telescope was invented.Johannes Kepler focused on determining the movement of the planets and his laws paved way to the concept of theatres as planetary paths. Isaac Newtons laws of consummation and gravitation further established how planets were able to revolve around the sun and how they moved in an orbit through the pull of gravity. It took a long time to overthrow the geocentric theory because it was backed up by th e church and the existing rulers at that time. Those who deviated from the beliefs of the majority were persecuted and thrown to prisons.Only a brave a couple of(prenominal) stood against these people in order to prove them wrong and discover the truth. It only tells us that society doesnt accept the truth with open arms most of the time, as it is hard to break the preconceived cognition about things. Discoveries such as the heliocentric theory took a very long time to be accepted by the people, especially because it replaced a more divine theory that the Earth was the center of everything in the universe. geography is split broadly into two sub-disciplines which are human geographics and physical geography. Physical geography is focused primarily on the built environment and how space is created, viewed, as well has managed and handled by man, considering the influences that human beings have on the space they created and occupied. Physical geography on the an some other(prenomi nal) hand, deals with the natural environment and how other factors like climate, vegetation and life, soil, water and landforms are created and interact with each other.Geography can be best(p) defined as the study of the earth and its features, including everything contained in it, like the ones inhabiting the earth and the disparate phenomena occurring in it. Geographys strengths mainly rely on its different branches, as it seeks to cover most concerns regarding the earth. On the other hand, its weaknesses was that it is not able to fully explain a certain field often, which is why there is a need to study other subfields of geography in order to cover for that weakness.The weather is a strike off of all the phenomena of a given atmosphere considering a certain period of time. This more on a short term basis, usually for hours or days say for example today it rained, while yesterday, it was but fairly cloudy. This is in comparison to that of climate, which is the average atmo spheric conditions over longer periods of time, usually months, accounting for the seasons that we put through all throughout the year. The greenhouse effect is the process wherein there is the emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere which then warms the earths surface.On the other hand, world-wide warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the air near the surface of the earth, because of the heat trapped by various gases in the atmosphere, as caused by pollutants like burning of fuels, smoke, and more. The two concepts are not the same, but the relationship surrounded by the two is that because of the greenhouse gases (too much of it) the heat trapped in the atmosphere increases, thus causing global warming. The effect on the environment is drastic, as polar icecaps melt, thus increasing the water levels in different parts of the world.It also changes the patterns of the environment, like the seasons, and the climates at different places. It greatly affects our lives because we might be experiencing a thinkable cause of species extinction, not only for the animals, but also for us human beings. Pressure gradient get is the acceleration of air due to an impending pressure difference or a force per social unit of mass. This usually accelerates air from a high pressure area or region towards a starting time pressure region thus creating wind.The coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects when it is viewed from a certain establish of reference. The effect causes air in the atmosphere and water in the ocean to flow to the right of the charge north of the equator, thus causing the rotation of large cyclones. Frictional force is the force resisting the relative performance of two surfaces which are in contact, or a certain fluid in contact with a surface (such as air on an airplane or water flowing in a pipe.Californias Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. On the o ther hand, siemens Carolinas humid subtropical climate is characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters. The get together States have varying climates from the east part because of the bodies of water surrounding it. It can be explained by the El Nino, wherein large circulations of air across the Pacific Ocean breaks down, and warmer than normal waters appears in the eastern Pacific, while colder than normal waters appears in the western Pacific Ocean.

Loan Syndication

give SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS support STRATEGY IN NIGERIA hold over OF CONTENT Title page Approval page Dedication cite Abstract CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the training 2. Statement of the problem 3. Objectives of the study 4. Significance of the study 5. Scope, limitations and delimitations 6. Statement of hypothesis 7. Definition of terms. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 1. Types and sources of giveword to confederation brim of Nigeria Plc. 2. Factors to be considered by Consortium of Financial Institutions before giving give away Loans to agate line Organization. . Factors to be considered by Union Bank of Nigeria before using Loan syndication as a source of finance. 4. Securities and interest pass judgment acceptable to the Union Bank of Nigeria. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 1. Sources of data 2. Survey tool or Instrument of Data show. 3. Location of data 4. Research questions. CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION AND synopsis 1. Presentation of Data 2. Analysis of data 3. Interpretation of Data. CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1. Findings 2. Recommendation 3. terminal Bibliography Appendix PROPOSALLOAN SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS FINANCING STRATEGY IN NIGERIA Lack of computer memory has been hotshot of the major problems militating against the progress and growth of our business judicatures in Nigeria. This is ca using upd by a lot of factors such as low savings (vicious circle of poverty), ignorance of the public to invest, mismanagement etc. there are mevery ship canal of solving the problems of finance and providing adequate finance to our business organizations such as equity stock, savings, ploughing fundament profits, but for the purpose of this research, we have to pay attention to impart syndication.This research leave focus on the appraisal of the methods and slipway through which Union Bank of Nigeria Plc source for fund in abidance of bestow from a group of fiscal existences such as commercial depones, merchant banks, insurance companies, development banks and financial institution wish well authoritiess thrift societies friends. It forget also focus on the different classes of bring notably, long add, median(a) term bringword, and short term loan.The classes of loan pop the questiond by the different types of financial institutions enumerated above will also be considered by Union Bank of Nigeria before using loan as a source of finance instead of other sources. Similarity, it is also pertinent to treat the factors, which are considered by kitty of financial institutions before giving unwrap loans to business organizations. The securities and interest rates treatment acceptable to the puddle will also be look into. Also, the reason why some financial institutions do not go into loan syndication will also be inquired into.Before ending this research, it is important to study how the interest of the dispo sition is protected in the Union Bank of Nigeria as well as how the interest of each atom of the consortium is protected within the group. These guides enumerated above when treated, Union Bank of Nigeria chooses to finance their projects and curiously loan syndication and we tone of voice anybody who enjoys it. Summarily, the research play will be grouped into five chapters. Chapter one will contain the introduction, sub- contents as background of study, statement of problem, objectives of study, significance of study and so on.Chapter two contains the literature review. This chapter will give the flesh out analysis of the topic. It is here that we state the meaning of the topic of the research different types of syndicated credit finance, the procedures for syndicating a loan etc. Chapter three will cover the research methodology and techniques. The sources of data, the instrument of data of data collection and the place the data is located. Chapter four, which is the data p resentation and analysis will show the presentation of the data roll up both in tables and charts, pie chart may also be used. Fin bothy, chapter five which summaries the other chapters.The findings recommendations and the conclusion will be contained in this chapter. Having said much, this research study will be specifically limited to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc Onitsha Anambra State. CHAPTER ONE 1. 1 INTRODOUCTION OF THE see The velalive insufficiency of fund for capital investment is a roughhewn factor in every economy specially in developing counties of the world. In developing counties like Nigeria the low level of capital investment manifest in high unemployment rates low productivity and corresponding low standard of living for greater majority of the population.Finding a solution to this problem of providing fund for capital investment has been a major pre-occupation of financial institutions in Nigeria. Beyond the traditional term loan share offers bonds and on business organizations and financial institutions alike have sought out avenue to swindle the problem of insufficient fund for capital investment. One of the solutions they have come up with is syndicated loan or multiple credit facilities , which is aimed at spreading risks and weakening the impact of restricting laws and regulation on loaning by financial institutions .Syndicate has been defined as an association of industrialist, or financial or banking consortium constrained to carry out some industrial projects. Accordingly, loan syndication is basically defined as an agreement in the midst of two or borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation. The spectacular growth of loan syndication as an resource financial instrument for business organization occurred as response to several economical factors in Nigeria. Notable among these were The National industrial policy of 1989, which is aimed at achieving, accelerated pace of industrial growth in Nigeria economy. The Introduction of structural adjustment programmed in 1986, culminating in the establishment of foreign Exchange market (F E M) and depreciation of the aria, This do imported machinery and equipment very expensive and requiring hung capital outlays which most companies or financial institution can not comfortably afford. Restriction on credit expansion by government and pecuniary authorities to minimize inflation. Central bank of Nigeria dose not included syndicated loan finance with in the credit checking, banks are there fore, able to syndicate loans with out interfering with the credit ceiling. The scrapping of import certify regime which enabled to a greater extent users of imported equipment and machineries to source and bring into the country. Deregulation of interest rate made loan syndication attractive to both business organizations and financial institutions. The above factors concerned with the persistent domestic inflation and arising price of domestic production have increased the magnitude of credits demand by vanoys users of fund particularly the industrial producers.In addition, there are certain legal and regulatory limitations on modify activities of commercial and merchant banks such as the statutory lending limit as yieldd in the banking act of 1969s. 13 (1) , the fluidness requirement ,e t c . In order to surmount these legal and regulatory limitations on lending activities of commercial bank (union bank) and merchant banks, loan syndication has become an attractive credit delivery technique aimed at spreading risks reducing the impact of the restricting laws and regulations.Currently, there exists no comprehensive enacted law on loan syndication in the country as to regulate the activities of the financial institution that lead and participate in the syndication. What is mayhap significant about loan syndication in the country is not the rapid growth of the financial institutions have-to doe with loan syndication, but their act ivities which have been quite remarkable over the years.Also, the study of the extent to which union bank of Nigeria plc employ syndicated loan as an alternative backing means with particular reference to Anambra and Enugu states respective financing means with loan as an alternatively have been carried out in this study. The researcher carefully appraised all aspects of loan syndication as financing alternative in the country from the point of view of the borrower. It is also made clear in this work that consideration of numerous merits of syndicated loan financing as against its demerits.It is not to be used as a last resort but should be considered alongside with equivalent alternatives. each(prenominal) these notwithstanding the most important of this study (it empirical study) is to know the popularity of syndicated loan financing among business organization in the country and the extent to which they employ it as financing alternative, no such study has been carried out in N igeria. For the empirical study, Anambra and Enugu State respectively have been chosen due to constraint imposed by cost and short-term on the researcher, otherwise the researcher could have conducted the look back throughout the country. . STATEMENT OF paradox There are conflicting views as to whether business organizations should be financed by syndicated loan or not. The electric resistance to the use of this alternative, especially in Nigeria, argues that syndicated loan is expensive and involves much administrative work. Also, there is need to point out in every clear terms the advantages inherent in syndicated loan as medium and long term financing alternative. Besides, a review of the role of financial institutions in financing Nigeria business organization through syndicate loan is of paramount importance.In addition to the above, the extent to which syndicated loan financing is embraced by Union bank of Nigeria Plc. In the country need to be studies to know actually whet her the much emphasized syndicated loan financing is being use as financing alternative in Nigeria. 3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study includes inter-allies An examination in general terms of the assorted issues involved in loan syndication. To find out whether loan syndication is really a new approach to or another form of borrowing. To synthesize the merits and demerits of syndicated loan-financing vis-a-vis other sources of medium and long-term financing both by cost and codeless. To survey the extent and prospects of loan syndication business in Nigeria analyzing critically the role of business organizations and financial institutions. To find out whether loan syndication can help in industrial development of the country, especially under the current economic situation. To examine the extent of penetration of syndicated loan financing among business organizations in the country. 1. 4SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThis study will be of crucial gain to the borro wers. The attention of the researcher was drawn by the need for loan syndication in Nigeria especially in the area of providing the borrower with credit facilities. This becomes obvious that will be a need to grant study that could examine loan syndication as it affects the investment and capital project outlays. Therefore, the significant of this study is to look into ways of making it easy for financing a capital project outlays which requires a syndicated loan, and also to encourage financial firms to jointly finance project which one financial firm cannot single handedly finance.It is hoped that after this study. It will be useful to every bank especially those in merchant banking and development banking. It will also provide information to general public on how to employ loan syndication as alternative business financing. This work is expected to be of immense values to the students in financial studies and other related courses mostly accountancy, banking and finance and so on , since this is part of what they are going to practice in their various place of work.Lastly, it will and government and other institutions to formulate suitable policy that will guide them in financing a bounteous projects jointly with other financing firm. 1. 5SCOPE OF THE STUDY This research work only covers the loan syndication as an alternative business financing strategy in Nigeria. I took a close looks at the needs, functions and various benefit associated with Nigeria loan syndication. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The first limitation, which was obvious, is the dearth of statistical data.Lack of statistical data from our financial institutions like rally bank of Nigeria (CBN), ministry of finance, including commercial and merchant banks where the researcher visited at Enugu, Onitsha and Lagos to collect list of corporations they have financed through syndicated loan adhered strictly to the rule of secretly in banking, thus they refused to release such information. Another pro blem is the while constraint. A research of this nature need relatively long time during which information for high-fidelity infirmness could be drawn, the period for the study is short , hence time posed as a constraint to the researcher.Lastly, as the cost, the researcher would have extended the survey to other states at the empirical level and this would have produced accurate and more comprehensive work but for the hinge cost of transportation and accommodation in the various state of the federation. It is not possible. 1. 6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS Ho syndicated loan has been employed against other alternatives as a medium long term financing strategy. Hi syndicate loan has not been employed against other alternatives as a medium long term financing strategy. Ho does syndicate loan has any impact on our national economy?Hi syndicated loan has much impact in our national economy. Ho syndicated loan has much impact in our national economy. 1. 7 DEFINITION OF impairment The rese arch topic has some key words, which call for treatment before anything else. SYNDICATE It has been defined as an association of industrialist, or financials or banking consortium forced to carry out come industrial projects. LOAN SYNDICATION It is defined as an agreement between two or more lending financial institutions to provide a borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation. great Instructions Start here- PLEASE, scar the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written significant(s). return that our approved websites are www. careerslight. com or www. trustyprojects. com and our official earpiece numbers are 08169533305, 08158646653, 08126773402. Take Note of our websites and phone numbers or write them down. 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