Imperialism And Population Migration During New Zealand

Brownlow (2005) states that â€Å"colonisation, imperialism and population migration have always lead to the demise of languages† (para. 2), and this ‘rule of thumb’ is no different in New Zealand. In the early 1900s te reo MÄ ori (the MÄ ori language) was, by and large, the sole language spoken by the MÄ ori population, yet by the 1930s many MÄ ori were bilingual. (Higgins Keane, 2014). Higgins Keane (2014) attribute this to the negative societal attitude toward speaking te reo MÄ ori in schools -that eventually spilled into home environments- and the fact that many Europeans advocated for monolingualism. As a result of years of this abuse, te reo MÄ ori was threatened with extinction. (Spolsky, 2003). The 1970s and 1980s were decades where many†¦show more content†¦(Fishman, 2013). Giacalone Ramat (1983) succinctly defines language shift as â€Å"the change of habits by a linguistic community as it gradually substitutes one linguistic var iety of traditional use with another variety, either long present in the community itself or newly introduced† (p. 495), and mentions that language shift is the precursor to the terminal phases of language death, language loss and language extinction. Fishman (as cited in Department of Internal Affairs, 2014) adds that the stages to language shift include increased contact with mainstream groups, an increase in the new language being spoken by migrants, and learner proficiency in the new language that subsequently leads to better opportunities. These stages fit with events and views held in early colonial New Zealand and were the impetus for language shift in New Zealand. The attempted assimilation of MÄ ori into mainstream society had an extremely negative effect on MÄ ori language and culture and is an example of one such act. Fleras (1985) describes that early British-MÄ ori policy included the need to protect and assist MÄ ori, but as virtually all legislation was concentrated on complete MÄ ori assimilation into the mainstream, it seems that assimilation was always the primary objective. The policy of assimilation was â€Å"to establish government control over the MÄ ori by phasing out as humanely as possible theShow MoreRelatedNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 33 Notes * Foundations of empire * Motives of imperialism * Modern imperialism * Refers to domination of industrialized countries over subject lands * Domination achieved through trade, investment, and business activities * Two types of modern colonialism * Colonies ruled and populated by migrants * Colonies controlled by imperial powers without significant settlement * Economic motives of imperialism * European merchants and entrepreneurs made personalRead MoreComparison Of Old World Imperialism And Globalization2577 Words   |  11 Pagesold-world Imperialism and Globalization reveal about the two systems? â€Å"In Globalization 1.0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. 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